Introduction: Fatty liver disease, defined by the presence of liver fat infiltration, is part of a cluster of disorders that occur in the context of metabolic syndrome. Epigenetic factors - defined as stable and heritable changes in gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence - may not only play an important role in the disease development in adulthood, but they may start exerting their influence in the prenatal stage.Areas covered: By using systems biology approaches, we review the main epigenetic modifications and highlight their likely roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Expert opinion: Knowledge of the mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications participate in complex disorders would not only help scientists find novel therapeutic strategies but could also aid in implementing preventive care measures at gestation.
Keywords: DNA methylation; Epigenetics; N6-methyl adenosine; NAFLD; NASH; circRNAs; histone post-translational modifications; lncRNA; m6A; metabolic syndrome; miRNAs; ncRNA; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; noncoding RNA; obesity.