Contrast Media-Different Types of Contrast Media, Their History, Chemical Properties, and Relative Nephrotoxicity

Interv Cardiol Clin. 2020 Jul;9(3):279-292. doi: 10.1016/j.iccl.2020.02.008.

Abstract

History of contrast dates back to the 1890s, with the invention of the radiograph. Nephrotoxicity has been a main limitation in ideal contrast media (CM). High-osmolar contrast media no longer are in clinical use due to overwhelming evidence supporting greater nephrotoxicity with these CM compared with current CM. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains a common cause of in-hospital acute kidney injury. The choice contrast agent is determined mainly by cost and institution practice. This review focuses on the history, chemical properties, and experimental and clinical studies on the various groups of CM and their role in CIN.

Keywords: Contrast media; Contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Contrast-induced nephropathy; High osmolar; Iso-osmolar; Low osmolar.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Historical Article
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury / chemically induced*
  • Acute Kidney Injury / epidemiology
  • Contrast Media / adverse effects*
  • Contrast Media / history
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / epidemiology
  • History, 19th Century
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Kidney Diseases / chemically induced*
  • Kidney Diseases / epidemiology
  • Osmolar Concentration

Substances

  • Contrast Media