COVID-19 in elderly kidney transplant recipients

Am J Transplant. 2020 Oct;20(10):2883-2889. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16096. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Abstract

The SARS-Cov-2 infection disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed at risk the kidney transplant (KT) population, particularly the elderly recipients. From March 12 until April 4, 2020, we diagnosed COVID-19 in 16 of our 324 KT patients aged ≥65 years old (4.9%). Many of them had had contact with healthcare facilities in the month prior to infection. Median time of symptom onset to admission was 7 days. All presented with fever and all but one with pneumonia. Up to 33% showed renal graft dysfunction. At infection diagnosis, mTOR inhibitors or mycophenolate were withdrawn. Tacrolimus was withdrawn in 70%. The main treatment combination was hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. A subset of patients was treated with anti-retroviral and tocilizumab. Short-term fatality rate was 50% at a median time since admission of 3 days. Those who died were more frequently obese, frail, and had underlying heart disease. Although a higher respiratory rate was observed at admission in nonsurvivors, symptoms at presentation were similar between both groups. Patients who died were more anemic, lymphopenic, and showed higher D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 at their first tests. COVID-19 is frequent among the elderly KT population and associates a very early and high mortality rate.

Keywords: clinical research/practice; infection and infectious agents - viral; kidney transplantation/nephrology; patient survival.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Betacoronavirus*
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology*
  • Disease Transmission, Infectious / statistics & numerical data*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Graft Rejection / epidemiology
  • Graft Rejection / prevention & control*
  • Hospitalization / trends
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Kidney Transplantation*
  • Male
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment / methods*
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Time Factors
  • Transplant Recipients / statistics & numerical data*