This study aimed to assess the effect of dopamine on the development of infections after birth in extremely preterm infants. We retrospectively identified 258 extremely preterm infants (born at < 28 gestational weeks) between July 2009 and December 2018 in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We extracted data on potential risk factors for infection, total amount of dopamine, and infection history during NICU stay for each infant. We compared the infection group with the non-infection group, and used the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to identify risk factors for infection during NICU stay. After adjustment for all potential risk factors, factors that significantly affected development of infection were gestational age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.89; p = 0.004) and total amount of dopamine (HR, 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.07; p = 0.002). The receiver operating characteristic curve of total amount of dopamine for infection suggested that total amount of dopamine greater than 7.271 mg/kg predicted infection development with 80.4% sensitivity and 41.7% specificity.Conclusion: A large amount of dopamine can increase infections in extremely preterm infants. We should avoid using a large amount of dopamine and remain aware of the potential development of infections in extremely preterm infants. What is Known: • Inotropes are often used for extremely preterm infants and dopamine is the most commonly used inotrope. • However, it is suggested that dopamine affects the immune system and related infections. What is New: • This is the first study of the association between the amount of dopamine and infection in extremely preterm infants. • We should avoid using a large amount of dopamine in extremely preterm infants.
Keywords: Dopamine; Extremely preterm infants; Infection; Neonate.