Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Carbamate Cleavage by Highly Reactive trans-Cyclooctene

J Am Chem Soc. 2020 Jun 24;142(25):10955-10963. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c00531. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Abstract

The high rate of the 'click-to-release' reaction between an allylic substituted trans-cyclooctene linker and a tetrazine activator has enabled exceptional control over chemical and biological processes. Here we report the development of a new bioorthogonal cleavage reaction based on trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine, which allows the use of highly reactive trans-cyclooctenes, leading to 3 orders of magnitude higher click rates compared to the parent reaction, and 4 to 6 orders higher than other cleavage reactions. In this new pyridazine elimination mechanism, wherein the roles are reversed, a trans-cyclooctene activator reacts with a tetrazine linker that is substituted with a methylene-linked carbamate, leading to a 1,4-elimination of the carbamate and liberation of a secondary amine. Through a series of mechanistic studies, we identified the 2,5-dihydropyridazine tautomer as the releasing species and found factors that govern its formation and subsequent fragmentation. The bioorthogonal utility was demonstrated by the selective cleavage of a tetrazine-linked antibody-drug conjugate by trans-cyclooctenes, affording efficient drug liberation in plasma and cell culture. Finally, the parent and the new reaction were compared at low concentration, showing that the use of a highly reactive trans-cyclooctene as the activator leads to a complete cycloaddition reaction with the antibody-drug conjugate in seconds vs hours for the parent system. Although the subsequent release from the IEDDA adduct is slower, we believe that this new reaction may allow markedly reduced click-to-release reagent doses in vitro and in vivo and could expand the application scope to conditions wherein the trans-cyclooctene has limited stability.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Aza Compounds / chemical synthesis
  • Aza Compounds / chemistry*
  • Benzene Derivatives / chemical synthesis
  • Benzene Derivatives / chemistry*
  • Carbamates / chemical synthesis
  • Carbamates / chemistry*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Click Chemistry
  • Cycloaddition Reaction
  • Cyclooctanes / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Immunoconjugates / chemistry
  • Immunoconjugates / pharmacology
  • Oligopeptides / chemical synthesis
  • Oligopeptides / pharmacology
  • Prodrugs / chemical synthesis
  • Prodrugs / pharmacology
  • Proof of Concept Study
  • Pyridazines / chemical synthesis

Substances

  • 1,2,4,5-tetrazine
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Aza Compounds
  • Benzene Derivatives
  • Carbamates
  • Cyclooctanes
  • Immunoconjugates
  • Oligopeptides
  • Prodrugs
  • Pyridazines
  • monomethyl auristatin E