Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: Characteristics, antimicrobial treatment, and outcomes

J Clin Virol. 2020 Jul:128:104425. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104425. Epub 2020 May 7.

Abstract

Background: At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread in many countries. We conducted this study to help pediatricians understand the conditions of COVID-19 in children.

Methods: We retrospectively summarized the characteristics, treatment and outcomes of pediatric cases in Wuhan Children's Hospital which was the only designated hospital for children with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with clinical outcomes.

Results: As of February 29, 75 children had been discharged, of which only one was has severe pneumonia and one was critical cases. Children younger than 2 years were more susceptible to COVID-19. All patients have received interferon-α nebulization, and eight cases including the severe and critical cases were co-administrated ribavirin. Five patients with mild pneumonia were given arbidol. Twenty-three patients were given traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The average length of stay (LOS) and the time of SARS-CoV-2 clearance were 10.57 and 6.39 days, respectively. None of the factors was associated with LOS or time of SARS-CoV-2 clearance.

Conclusions: The severity of COVID-19 in pediatric cases were milder than adults. The efficacy of the antiviral therapy in children with COVID-19 remains to be evaluated.

Keywords: Characteristics; Coronavirus disease 2019; Outcomes; Pediatric; Treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Betacoronavirus / physiology*
  • COVID-19
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • China
  • Coronavirus Infections / drug therapy*
  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
  • Disease Susceptibility*
  • Female
  • Hospitals, Pediatric
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Interferon-alpha / administration & dosage
  • Length of Stay
  • Male
  • Pandemics
  • Pediatricians
  • Pneumonia, Viral / drug therapy*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / virology
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Ribavirin / administration & dosage
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Severity of Illness Index

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Interferon-alpha
  • Ribavirin