Bioremediation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate contaminated red soil by Gordonia terrae RL-JC02: Characterization, metabolic pathway and kinetics

Hongyan Zhang; Zhong Lin; Bin Liu; Guan Wang; Liyun Weng; Junliang Zhou; Hanqiao Hu; Hong He; Yongxiang Huang; Jinjun Chen; Nahurira Ruth; Chengyong Li; Lei Ren

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139138

Bioremediation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate contaminated red soil by Gordonia terrae RL-JC02: Characterization, metabolic pathway and kinetics

Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 1:733:139138. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139138. Epub 2020 May 6.

Authors

Hongyan Zhang¹, Zhong Lin², Bin Liu³, Guan Wang¹, Liyun Weng¹, Junliang Zhou⁴, Hanqiao Hu¹, Hong He¹, Yongxiang Huang¹, Jinjun Chen¹, Nahurira Ruth⁵, Chengyong Li⁶, Lei Ren⁷

Affiliations

¹ College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
² College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
³ College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China.
⁴ Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
⁵ Faculty of Science, Kabale University, Kabale 317, Uganda.
⁶ School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
⁷ College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China. Electronic address: renlei@gdou.edu.cn.

PMID: 32446058
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139138

Abstract

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer and a representative endocrine disrupting chemical. The toxicological effects of DEHP on environmental and human health have been widely investigated. In this study, the DEHP-degrading bacterial strain RL-JC02 was isolated from red soil with long-term usage of plastic mulch, and it was identified as Gordonia terrae by 16S rRNA gene analysis coupled with physiological and biochemical characterization. The biodegrading capacity of different phthalic acid esters and related intermediates was investigated as well as the performance of strain RL-JC02 under different environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, salinity and DEHP concentration. Specifically, strain RL-JC02 showed good tolerance to low pH, with 86.6% of DEHP degraded under the initial pH of 5.0 within 72 h. The metabolic pathway of DEHP was examined by metabolic intermediate identification via a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis in which DEHP was hydrolyzed into phthalic acid (PA) and 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) via mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). PA and 2-EH were further utilized through the protocatechuic acid metabolic pathway and β-oxidation via protocatechuic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, respectively. The application potential of strain RL-JC02 was confirmed through the bioremediation of artificial DEHP-contaminated red soil showing 91.8% DEHP degradation by strain RL-JC02 within 30 d. The kinetics analysis of DEHP degradation by strain RL-JC02 in soil demonstrated that the process followed the modified Gompertz model. Meanwhile, the cell concentration monitoring of strain RL-JC02 in soil with absolute quantification polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) suggested that strain RL-JC02 survived well during bioremediation. This study provides sufficient evidence of a robust degrader for the bioremediation of PAE-contaminated red soil.

Keywords: Bioremediation; Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; Gordonia terrae; Metabolic kinetics; Metabolic mechanism.

MeSH terms

Actinobacteria
Biodegradation, Environmental
Diethylhexyl Phthalate*
Humans
Kinetics
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Phthalic Acids*
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Soil

Substances

Phthalic Acids
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Soil
phthalic acid
Diethylhexyl Phthalate

Supplementary concepts

Gordonia terrae