Infectious Risks Associated with Biologics Targeting Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling and Complement Pathway for Inflammatory Diseases

Abstract

The recognition of the role of complement and Janus kinase (JAK)-dependent cytokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders has revolutionized the treatment of a myriad of rheumatological and inflammatory diseases. C5 inhibitors and Janus kinase inhibitors have emerged as attractive therapeutic options. Because of the blockage of immune pathways, these targeted therapies carry an increased risk of infection. This article reviews the mechanism of action and the approved and off-label indications of the agents with most clinical experience within this drug classes. It discusses the associated risks of infection, proposing screening, prevention, and risk mitigation strategies.

Keywords: Autoimmune diseases; C5 inhibitor; Infection; Inflammatory disorders; JAK inhibitor.