Study on landscape ecological risk assessment of Hooded Crane breeding and overwintering habitat

Abstract

Xinqing Wetland and Shengjin Lake Wetland are the main habitats of Hooded Crane in China. However, in recent years, the irrational land use situation of occupied wetlands has occurred frequently, resulting in the destruction of the breeding of the Hooded Crane population and the destruction of the wintering habitat. The paper takes Xinqing Wetland and Shengjin Lake Wetland as the research area, and uses landscape ecology and geostatistics as the theoretical basis to reveal the changes of land landscape in the study area, and analyze the main breeding and wintering habitat types of Hooded Crane. The landscape ecological risk assessment model is constructed by the landscape pattern index method, and the ecological risk in the study area is divided into five levels: extremely low ecological risk, low ecological risk, medium ecological risk, high ecological risk and extremely high ecological risk. The landscape ecological risk of the study area is analyzed from the aspects of single landscape type, spatial distribution characteristics and time series changes. Overall, from 1986 to 2018, the landscape ecological risks of Xinqing Wetland and Shengjin Lake Wetland all showed an upward trend, both from the low ecological risk level in 1986 to the middle ecological risk level in 2018. The ecological risk value of Xinqing Wetland increased from 0.3777 in 1986 to 0.5882 in 2018; the ecological risk value of Shengjin Lake wetland landscape increased from 0.2706 in 1986 to 0.5709 in 2018. The growth rate of the Shengjin Lake wetland is higher than that of the Xinqing Wetland. In order to better protect the ecological environment of the wetland and protect the habitat of the Hooded Crane, this paper will propose corresponding suggestions and countermeasures.

Keywords: Habitat landscape type; Hooded crane; Landscape ecological risk; Shengjin lake wetland; Xinqing wetland.