Deoxynivalenol (DON) is commonly found in wheat and wheat-derived foods, posing a threat to human health. Biodegradation is an efficient and eco-friendly measure for mycotoxin detoxification. Understanding the mechanism of DON biodegradation is hence of great importance. Herein, we report the application of metabolomics methods for the analysis of DON degradation by a bacterial consortium isolated from wheat leaves collected in Jiangsu Province. Metabolomics analysis combined with a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed the main degradation product, 3-keto-DON, and a minor degradation product, 3-epi-DON. Further study illustrated that DON underwent a two-step epimerization through the intermediate 3-keto-DON. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA metagenome of the microorganismal community suggested that the abundance of three bacterial genera, Achromobacter, Sphingopyxis, and Sphingomonas, substantially increased during the coculture of bacterial consortium and DON. Further investigation revealed that Devosia sp. might be responsible for the epimerization of 3-keto-DON. These findings shed light on the catabolic pathways of DON during biodegradation and illustrate the potential of using metabolomics approaches in biodegradation studies.Key Points• A bacterial consortium was isolated with good deoxynivalenol-degrading potential. • Metabolomics approaches were successfully used to interpret the degradation pathway. • A trace-amount degradation product was determined by metabolomics and NMR analysis. Graphical Abstract .
Keywords: Biodegradation; Deoxynivalenol; Fusarium mycotoxins; Metabolomics.