A novel coupling process with partial nitritation-anammox and short-cut sulfur autotrophic denitrification in a single reactor for the treatment of high ammonium-containing wastewater

Kuo Zhang; Tianli Kang; Sai Yao; Baorui Liang; Mingdong Chang; Youzhao Wang; Yongguang Ma; Liying Hao; Tong Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115813

A novel coupling process with partial nitritation-anammox and short-cut sulfur autotrophic denitrification in a single reactor for the treatment of high ammonium-containing wastewater

Water Res. 2020 Aug 1:180:115813. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115813. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Authors

Kuo Zhang¹, Tianli Kang², Sai Yao², Baorui Liang², Mingdong Chang², Youzhao Wang³, Yongguang Ma², Liying Hao⁴, Tong Zhu⁵

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China. Electronic address: shalways@hotmail.com.
² Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
³ Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China. Electronic address: wangyz@me.neu.edu.cn.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China.
⁵ Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China. Electronic address: tongzhu@mail.neu.edu.cn.

PMID: 32438139
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115813

Abstract

In this study, a novel coupling process with partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) (PNA) and sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) was studied using an upflow biofilm reactor with mechanical vibration. At a lower dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (0.40 ± 0.20 mg L^-1), ammonia could be efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater by the coupling system with a total nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 98% and an influent NH₄⁺-N concentration of 600 mg L^-1. In this system, the nitrate, which was produced during the anammox reaction, could be timely reduced by the SAD reaction. Compared with the conventional PNA and SAD processes, coupling the PNA and SAD processes in a single reactor prevented nitrite accumulation in the SAD reaction and reduced the total sulfate production by 59%. The high-throughput sequencing analysis supported that the SAD bacteria (Thiobacillus) and anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia) could coexist on the elemental sulfur stone. Additionally, sulfur consumption and sulfate production were increased under a high DO concentration. The sulfate production/nitrate reduction ratio and changing profile of the substrate suggested that the short-cut SAD process mainly occurred in this coupling system. Otherwise, batch experiments also suggested that the nitrite removal rate in the anammox process was 34.5 times higher than that in the SAD process. The outcomes of these experiments revealed that most of the nitrite, as an intermediate product in the SAD reaction, served as an electron acceptor for the anammox reaction. A stoichiometric calculation of this coupling process indicated that the novel reaction scheme with a high NRE was successfully achieved. Under an ideal short-cut SAD process, almost 55% of the sulfur consumption could be reduced in this coupling system. The coupling system provides a new perspective for nitrogen removal in a single reactor and further promotes anammox and SAD performance in wastewater treatment processes.

Keywords: Anammox; Autotrophic denitrification; Biofilm; Microbial community; Sulfur; Vibration.

MeSH terms

Ammonium Compounds*
Bioreactors
Denitrification*
Nitrogen
Oxidation-Reduction
Sulfur
Wastewater

Substances

Ammonium Compounds
Waste Water
Sulfur
Nitrogen