Like Cures Like: Pharmacological Activity of Anti-Inflammatory Lipopolysaccharides From Gut Microbiome

Tzu-Lung Lin; Chin-Chung Shu; Young-Mao Chen; Jang-Jih Lu; Ting-Shu Wu; Wei-Fan Lai; Chi-Meng Tzeng; Hsin-Chih Lai; Chia-Chen Lu

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00554

Like Cures Like: Pharmacological Activity of Anti-Inflammatory Lipopolysaccharides From Gut Microbiome

Front Pharmacol. 2020 Apr 30:11:554. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00554. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Tzu-Lung Lin^{1

2}, Chin-Chung Shu³, Young-Mao Chen⁴, Jang-Jih Lu⁵, Ting-Shu Wu⁶, Wei-Fan Lai⁷, Chi-Meng Tzeng⁸, Hsin-Chih Lai^{1

2

9

10}, Chia-Chen Lu^{11

12}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
² Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁴ Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
⁸ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
⁹ Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China.
¹⁰ Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
¹¹ Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
¹² Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Abstract

Gut microbiome maintains local gut integrity and systemic host homeostasis, where optimal control of intestinal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activity may play an important role. LPS mainly produced from gut microbiota are a group of lipid-polysaccharide chemical complexes existing in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Traditionally, LPS mostly produced from Proteobacteria are well known for their ability in inducing strong inflammatory responses (proinflammatory LPS, abbreviated as P-LPS), leading to septic shock or even death in animals and humans. Although the basic structures and chemical properties of P-LPS derived from different bacterial species generally show similarity, subtle and differential immune activation activities are observed. On the other hand, frequently ignored, a group of LPS molecules mainly produced by certain microbiota bacteria such as Bacteroidetes show blunt or even antagonistic activity in initiating pro-inflammatory responses (anti-inflammatory LPS, abbreviated as A-LPS). In this review, besides the immune activation properties of P-LPS, we also focus on the description of anti-inflammatory effects of A-LPS, and their potential antagonistic mechanism. We address the possibility of using native or engineered A-LPS for immune modulation in prevention or even treatment of P-LPS induced chronic inflammation related diseases. Understanding the exquisite interactive relationship between structure-activity correlation of P- and A-LPS not only contributes to molecular understanding of immunomodulation and homeostasis, but also re-animates the development of novel LPS-based pharmacological strategy for prevention and therapy of chronic inflammation related diseases.

Keywords: TLR4; bacteroidetes; immune modulation; lipopolysaccharides; microbiota; proteobacteria.

Publication types

Review