Background and objectives: One way to measure arterial stiffness is the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), which is the relationship between diastolic and systolic ambulatory blood pressure (BP) over 24-hours.
Methods: We studied the difference in AASI between obese and lean children. AASI was calculated from 24- hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 53 obese children (33 girls) and compared with age-matched 42 healthy subjects (20 girls). Hypertension was defined according to the criteria of the American Heart Association. To evaluate inflammation, the blood level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein was measured.
Results: The mean age was 10.6 ± 2.83 years in obese children and 11.3 ± 3.17 years in healthy subjects. Hypertension was determined in three (5.6%) obese children. The median heart rate-SDS, pulse pressure and blood pressure values did not differ between the two groups. The mean AASI was significantly higher in obese children compared to healthy subjects (0.42 ± 0.15 vs. 0.29 ± 0.18, p < 0.001). AASI significantly correlated with nighttime SBP-SDS, nighttime SBP-load, systolic and diastolic nocturnal dipping, with no independent predictor.
Conclusion: This study confirms that AASI is increased in obese children. AASI calculation is a useful, costeffective, and an easy method to evaluate arterial stiffness. Early detection of increased arterial stiffness can help clinicians come up with preventive measures in the management of patients.
Keywords: arterial stiffness; blood pressure measurement; cardiovascular risk; children; obesity.