Effects of Khat on Surface Roughness and Color of Feldspathic and Zirconia Porcelain Materials under Simulated Oral Cavity Conditions

Mohammed M Al Moaleem; Rashad AlSanosy; Nasser M Al Ahmari; Mansoor Shariff; Abdulkhaliq A Alshadidi; Hassan A Alhazmi; Asaad Khalid

doi:10.3390/medicina56050234

Effects of Khat on Surface Roughness and Color of Feldspathic and Zirconia Porcelain Materials under Simulated Oral Cavity Conditions

Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 May 13;56(5):234. doi: 10.3390/medicina56050234.

Authors

Mohammed M Al Moaleem¹, Rashad AlSanosy², Nasser M Al Ahmari³, Mansoor Shariff³, Abdulkhaliq A Alshadidi⁴, Hassan A Alhazmi^{2

5}, Asaad Khalid^{2

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
² Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
³ Prosthetic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Applied Medical Sciences College, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum 11123, Sudan.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Khat chewing is considered as a daily habit that is practiced by more than five million people globally. The effect of khat chewing on the surface roughness and the color stability of natural teeth and the material used in the fabrication of dental prosthesis remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore and compare the effect of khat homogenate (KH) on the surface roughness (Ra) and the average color changes (ΔE*) amongst natural teeth and selected shades from different porcelain types, namely, feldspathic metal ceramic (MC) VM13, computer-aided design/computer assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) feldspathic (Vitablocs Mark II), and multilayer zirconia (Ceramill Zolid PS) porcelains. Materials and Methods: Seventy samples were prepared from natural teeth, feldspathic MC, CAD/CAM Vitablocs Mark II, and zirconia porcelain. The Ra values were measured using a profilometer and expressed in micrometers, whereas the ΔE* values were measured using VITA Easyshade® V spectrophotometer for all samples before and after frequent immersion and thermocycling in KH for 30 days. The surface topography was used to assess the materials surfaces (glazed or polished) after KH immersion by using a white light interferometry machine. Results: Results revealed that the Ra and the ΔE* values of the different types of tested porcelain were influenced by KH. The order of surface roughness values was glazed or polished MC > polished Zircon > polished Vitablocs Mark II > natural teeth. The lowest ΔE* values were recorded for glazed Vitablocs Mark II and MC, and the values could be arranged as polished zircon > natural teeth > glazed zircon > polished MC > polished Vitablocs Mark II. P values were significantly varied (< 0.001) among all the tested groups, except the zircon group (>0.05) for both Ra and ΔE*. Conclusion: KH significantly affected both surface parameter and color of glazed or polished porcelain materials and natural teeth.

Keywords: color measurements; khat; natural teeth; porcelain; surface roughness.

MeSH terms

Catha / adverse effects*
Color
Dental Enamel / drug effects*
Dental Porcelain*
Humans

Substances

Dental Porcelain

Grants and funding

Research Group: RG-2-8)/Deanship of Scientific Research, Jazan University