We demonstrate that a laser-based synchrotron X-ray source can be used to image and characterize in a single laser shot spherical capsules similar to ICF targets. Thus, we establish this source potential for real-time ultrafast imaging of the ICF laser driver interaction with the target. To produce the X-ray beam we used a 160 TW high power laser system with 3.2 J and 20 fs incident on a supersonic gas jet target at 2.5 Hz repetition rate. We produced 2.7 × 109 photons/0.1% BW/sr/shot at 10 keV with a critical energy Ec = 15.1 keV. In our experimental conditions the spatial resolution was 4.3 μm in the object plane. We show that it is feasible to image the capsule structure and experimentally retrieve the phase information.