Anal cancer is a rare cancer, comprising less than 5% of gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Diagnosis of anal canal cancer can be difficult given that presenting symptoms are similar to those of benign anorectal diseases. General surgeons who encounter suspected anal canal cancer need to have a good understanding of the anatomy of the anal canal, high index of suspicion for malignancy, and low threshold to biopsy lesions when indicated. This article discusses the most commonly encountered anal canal tumors, the evaluation of these tumors, and their management. The foundation for successful therapy includes timely diagnosis, accurate staging, and routine surveillance.
Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Anal canal; Anal cancer; Squamous cell carcinoma.
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