Clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy. The results of trials on preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy have not clearly shown an improved prognosis, although potential benefits have been noted in selected cases. As for adjuvant treatment, cisplatin-containing regimens have been shown to have prognostic benefit in cases of stage Ⅱ and ⅢA(N2)disease. In Japan, the adjuvant use of tegafur/uracil has been recommended for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ adenocarcinoma with a tumor diameter of more than 2 cm. The efficacy of the perioperative use of molecular- targeted agents has been evaluated in some clinical trials, but the results to date have not shown any significant improvement in prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have also been assessed in some trials, and these may change the strategy for the perioperative management of lung cancer.