The pathogenesis of neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including infectious agents. Several viral and bacterial infectious diseases are related to the onset and the relapse of NMOSD.The cases of NMOSD with bacterial meningitis have also been reported. Different infections play different role and outcomes in NMOSD.However,the major pathogenesis contains bystander activation, molecular mimicry, and systemic infection triggering independent central nervous system diseases. Viral and bacteria infections are closely related to NMOSD.We recommend that patients with NMOSD and altered mental status need to complete infectious examination, including a lumbar cone puncture.
视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders，NMOSD)发病机制受遗传和环境因素(包括感染性因素)的共同影响，多种病毒和细菌与NMOSD的发生和发展有关，NMOSD合并细菌性脑膜炎的案例也有报道。不同感染源作用于NMOSD的方式不同，影响和结局也不尽相同，其致病机制包括旁路激活、分子模拟、系统性感染诱发中枢神经系统疾病等。病毒和细菌感染与NMOSD关系密切，建议对NMOSD和精神状态改变的患者行包括腰锥穿刺在内的完整的感染方面的检查。.
Keywords: bacterial; infection; neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders; viral.