Background: Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) complicated by cardiogenic shock has high operative mortality. Percutaneous leaflet repair with MitraClip (Abbott Vascular) is a less invasive alternative to surgery. The effectiveness and safety of this approach is unknown.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed procedural characteristics of shock patients with severe MR treated with MitraClip in a tertiary, high-volume program (Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota) during 2010-2019. The primary outcome of the study was 30-day survival free of significant MR (grade ≤2). One-year mortality was a secondary outcome.
Results: Among 322 patients who underwent MitraClip implantation during the study period, 11 inoperable patients with severe MR and cardiogenic shock were included in this analysis. Mean patient age was 74 ± 11 years and 54% were male. The mechanism of MR was degenerative in 7 patients (63.6%) and functional in 4 patients (36.4%), including 1 post myocardial infarction, 1 with chronic ischemic heart disease, and 2 with end-stage non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Hemodynamic support with intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 5 patients (45%). The A2-P2 scallop was the more common location for MitraClip insertion, and 27% of patients had >1 clip implanted. Median fluoroscopy time was 18.5 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 10-22 minutes) and mean postprocedure gradient was 4.5 mm Hg (IQR, 3-5 mm Hg). At 30 days, eight patients (72.7%) were alive with MR grade ≤2. At 1 year, mortality was 66%, and was driven mainly by non-cardiac causes.
Conclusions: Among inoperable patients with severe MR and cardiogenic shock, percutaneous leaflet repair with MitraClip is associated with acceptable short-term effectiveness.
Keywords: acute mitral regurgitation; outcomes; percutaneous leaflet repair.