Toxocariasis is a worldwide anthropozoonosis caused by Toxocara spp. nematodes. High prevalences of the disease has been found in developing countries, particularly in regions with poor sanitary conditions. The definitive hosts of the nematodes are dogs and cats, which play a vital role in the transmission of this parasite as humans are considered a paratenic host. The epidemiology of the disease in South America is not clear as it is usually not diagnosed and is not a notifiable disease. This review summarizes information regarding prevalence reports of Toxocara spp. in dog and cats in South America (excluding Brazil). Additionally, and in accordance with the one health approach, reports of contaminated soil in public zones and parks as well as infection/prevalence reports in wildlife species by geographical regions are also included. The findings show the importance of awareness among veterinarians and public health authorities about Toxocara spp. as neglected disease.
Keywords: Coprology; Epidemiology; Seroprevalence; South America; Toxocara canis; Toxocara cati; Toxocara spp..
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