Hydrological and thermal responses of seeds from four co-occurring tree species from southwest Western Australia

Rajapakshe P V G S W Rajapakshe; Shane R Turner; Adam T Cross; Sean Tomlinson

doi:10.1093/conphys/coaa021

Hydrological and thermal responses of seeds from four co-occurring tree species from southwest Western Australia

Conserv Physiol. 2020 Apr 30;8(1):coaa021. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coaa021. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Rajapakshe P V G S W Rajapakshe^{1

2

3}, Shane R Turner^{3

2

4}, Adam T Cross¹, Sean Tomlinson^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
² School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
³ Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kattidj Close, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia.
⁴ School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

Abstract

Seed germination is a critical stage in the life cycle of most plants and is defined by specific tolerance thresholds beyond which rates and success of germination rapidly decline. Previous studies have demonstrated that widespread plant species commonly germinate over a broad range of temperatures and water stress levels, whereas range-restricted species often exhibit a narrower germination window in terms of temperature and moisture. We investigated the relationships of the key germination traits of maximum germination (G _max) and time to 50% germination (t ₅₀) in response to temperature (5-35°C) and water stress (-1.5-0 MPa) in four co-occurring Western Australian native Eucalyptus species with widely varying biogeography. Eucalyptus caesia subsp. caesia and E. ornata exhibit a highly localized distribution and a narrow geographical range, being restricted either to granite outcrops or the upper slopes and tops of lateritic rises, respectively. These two species were compared with the two widespread and dominant congenerics E. salmonophloia and E. salubris. There was a distinctive hump-shaped response of t ₅₀ to temperature and an exponential response to water stress, characteristic of rate- and threshold-limited processes, but no consistent pattern in the response of G _max. The four species were significantly different in their thermal performance of t ₅₀, with E. caesia and E. ornata displaying narrower thermal tolerance ranges than the two widespread species. In terms of mean final germination percentage, the two range-restricted endemic taxa exhibited higher lability in their response to thermal stress and drought stress compared to the two broadly distributed congenerics. These findings indicate a link between distributional extent, temperature and water stress tolerance and may have implications for identifying ecological filters of rarity and endemism.

Keywords: Conservation; drought stress; performance model; seed germination; thermal tolerance; threatened flora.