Since 2017, China, the United States, and the European Union have successively issued national-level artificial intelligence (AI) strategic development plans, and the human history is about to witness the 4th industrial revolution with the theme of "intelligence". In the field of medical testing, the explosive growth of AI theories and technologies also provide a new direction for the development of medical testing theory, methods and applications. We review the evolution of AI and the recent progress in three major elements of AI, namely algorithms, data and computing power, and elaborate on the combined innovation of "AI + testing" in light of the key application dimensions of medical testing. The major applications include specimen collection robots, sample dilution robots and sample transfer robots involved in the processing of test specimens; test item mining such as tumor markers and pharmacogenomics; cytomorphology, laboratory medicine data processing, auxiliary diagnostic models, and internet-based medical tests. With the advent of the era of Industry 4.0, AI technology will promote the development of medical testing from automation to a highly intelligent stage.
2017年以来，中国、美国和欧盟先后发布了国家级人工智能（AI）战略发展规划，人类历史即将迎来以“智能化”为主旋律的第四次工业革命。在医疗检验领域，人工智能的理论和技术爆发也将为医学检验理论、方法与应用的发展提供新方向，本文首先从人工智能的理论与实践基础出发，介绍人工智能的发展历程以及算法、数据和算力三大要素的前沿进展，进而结合医学检验的关键应用维度，阐述“AI+检验”的结合创新，包括涉及检验标本处理的标本采集机器人、样本稀释机器人和样本传送机器人；检验项目挖掘如肿瘤标志物和药物基因组学；检验细胞形态学、检验数据处理、辅助诊断模型和互联网医学检验等。随着工业4.0时代的到来，人工智能技术必将推动医学检验从自动化发展到更高阶的智能化阶段。
Keywords: artificial intelligence; big data; intellectualization; laboratory medicine.