Sonodynamically-induced Anticancer Effects of Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Carbon Nano Tubes

Anticancer Res. 2020 May;40(5):2549-2557. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14225.

Abstract

Background/aim: Sonodynamic cancer therapy is based on the preferential uptake and/or retention of a sonosensitizing drug (sonosensitizer) in tumor tissues and the subsequent activation of the drug by ultrasound irradiation. In the present study, we investigated the sonodynamically-induced antitumoral effect with functionalized carbon nanotubes, such as poly-ethylene glycol-modified carbon nanotubes (PEG-modified CNTs).

Materials and methods: Antitumor effects were evaluated using histological observation and assessing tumor growth following sonodynamic exposure to PEG-modified CNTs.

Results: The combined treatment of 100 μM PEG-modified CNT and ultrasound induced a 2-fold cytotoxicity. Sodium azide, which quenches singlet oxygen, significantly inhibited ultrasonication induced cell damage in the presence of PEG-modified CNTs. This suggests that singlet oxygen produced by the combined use of PEG-modified CNTs and ultrasound is involved in the induction of antitumoral effects. The destruction of tumor tissue was observed with the ultrasonic treatment in combination with PEG-modified CNTs, while neither the treatment with PEG-modified CNTs alone nor ultrasound alone caused any necrosis.

Conclusion: These results indicate that PEG-modified CNT functions as a sonosensitizer and is effective for sonochemical treatment of solid tumors.

Keywords: Ultrasound; colon 26; nanomedicine; poly-ethylene glycol-modified carbon nanotubes; sarcoma 180; sonodynamic therapy.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / isolation & purification
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Molecular Structure
  • Nanotubes, Carbon* / chemistry
  • Polyethylene Glycols* / chemistry
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Sarcoma 180
  • Ultrasonic Therapy
  • Ultrasonic Waves*
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Nanotubes, Carbon
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Polyethylene Glycols