Pediatric SARS, H1N1, MERS, EVALI, and Now Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: What Radiologists Need to Know

AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020 Sep;215(3):736-744. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.23267. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review new pediatric lung disorders-including disorders that have occurred in recent years years such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine-origin influenza A (H1N1), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia-to enhance understanding of the characteristic imaging findings. CONCLUSION. Although the clinical symptoms of SARS, H1N1, MERS, EVALI, and COVID-19 pneumonia in pediatric patients may be nonspecific, some characteristic imaging findings have emerged or are currently emerging. It is essential for radiologists to have a clear understanding of the characteristic imaging appearances of these lung disorders in pediatric patients to ensure optimal patient care.

Keywords: COVID-19; EVALI; H1N1; MERS; Middle East respiratory syndrome; SARS; coronavirus disease; e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury; severe acute respiratory syndrome; swine-origin influenza A; viral pneumonia.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Betacoronavirus
  • COVID-19
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Coronavirus Infections / diagnostic imaging*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
  • Influenza, Human / diagnostic imaging*
  • Lung Injury / diagnostic imaging*
  • Lung Injury / etiology
  • Male
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / diagnostic imaging*
  • Radiography
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / diagnostic imaging*
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
  • Vaping / adverse effects
  • Young Adult