4-Nonylphenol degradation changes microbial community of scale-up Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

Abstract

Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (NPe) is a nonionic surfactant widely applied in domestic and industrial uses and its degradation generates the endocrine disruptor 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP). The effects of this compound in biological sewage treatment are uncertain, especially in anaerobic systems. The aim of this study was to assess the 4-NP removal and degradation in scale-up (20 L) Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) filled with sand as support material, operated with Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 18 h, fed with synthetic sewage plus 4-NP, performed in four phases named Phase I (894 mg COD L^-1), Phase II (878 mg COD L^-1, 127 μg 4-NP L^-1), Phase III (940 mg COD L^-1, 270 μg 4-NP L^-1) and Phase IV (568 mg COD L^-1, 376 μg 4-NP L^-1). 4-NP did not affect reactor stability and organic matter removal remained stable at 94%. Highest 4-NP removal (78%) occurred for highest 4-NP influent (Phase IV), which resulted from biomass adaptation in the presence of ethanol. Through the 4-NP total mass balance, about 70% was biodegraded and 1% adsorbed on the sand bed. 4-NP addition promoted selection of microbial consortium strongly linked to aromatic compounds and surfactants degradation such as Geothrix, Holophaga, Aeromonas, Pelobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia.

Keywords: AFBR; Endocrine disruptor; Illumina-MiSeq; Microbial diversity; Sewage; Surfactant.