1 Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, peter.malfertheiner@med.ovgu.de.
2 Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, peter.malfertheiner@med.ovgu.de.
3 Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
4 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.