Assessment of advanced glycation end products in the peri-implant sulcular fluid among moderate cigarette-smokers and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis

Khulud A Al-Aali; Abdulaziz AlHelal; Nawaf Alhamoudi; Aasem M Alhenaki; Fawad Javed; Tariq Abduljabbar

doi:10.1111/cid.12917

Assessment of advanced glycation end products in the peri-implant sulcular fluid among moderate cigarette-smokers and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis

Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2020 Jun;22(3):380-386. doi: 10.1111/cid.12917. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Authors

Khulud A Al-Aali¹, Abdulaziz AlHelal², Nawaf Alhamoudi³, Aasem M Alhenaki⁴, Fawad Javed^{5

6}, Tariq Abduljabbar⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Ruyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant-, Phototherapy (LA-PIP), School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States.
⁶ Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States.

PMID: 32346975
DOI: 10.1111/cid.12917

Abstract

Background: It is hypothesized that the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are higher in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) of cigarette-smokers than nonsmokers with peri-implantitis.

Purpose: The purpose was to compare the levels of AGEs in the PISF among moderate cigarette-smokers and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis.

Materials and methods: Cigarette-smokers and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis and nonsmokers without peri-implantitis were included. A questionnaire was used to gather information related to smoking habit, duration of implants in function and demographic traits. In all groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), crestal bone loss (CBL) and probing depth (PD). The PISF was collected and levels of AGEs were measured. Group comparisons were performed and P < .01 was nominated as pointer of statistical significance.

Results: Fourteen smokers with peri-implantitis (12 males and 2 females), 15 nonsmokers with peri-implantitis (14 males and 1 female) and 15 nonsmokers without peri-implantitis (13 males and 2 females) were included. Smokers with peri-implantitis had a smoking history of 22.7 ± 0.3 pack years. The mesial and distal CBL, PI, and PD were significantly higher in smokers with peri-implantitis than nonsmokers with (P < .01) and without peri-implantitis (P < .01). The GI was significantly higher in smokers (P < .01) and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis (P < .01) compared with nonsmokers without peri-implantitis. The levels of AGEs were significantly higher among smokers with peri-implantitis (552.8 ± 87.2 pg/mL) (P < .01) compared with nonsmokers with (141.6 ± 64.9 pg/mL) and without (88.1 ± 27.3 pg/mL) peri-implantitis. The levels of AGEs were significantly higher among nonsmokers with (141.6 ± 64.9 pg/mL) (P < .01) than without (88.1 ± 27.3 pg/mL) peri-implantitis.

Conclusion: The levels of AGEs expressed in the PISF are higher among moderate cigarette-smokers than nonsmokers with peri-implantitis.

Keywords: advanced glycation end products; cigarette-smoking; inflammation; peri-implant diseases; peri-implant sulcular fluid; probing depth.

MeSH terms

Dental Implants*
Dental Plaque Index
Female
Humans
Male
Non-Smokers
Peri-Implantitis*
Smokers

Substances

Dental Implants

Grants and funding

Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs/King Saud University