Objective: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of super pulsed carbon dioxide fractional laser debridement surgery on the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods: From December 2018 to May 2019, 37 patients with chronic wounds who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University for a prospective randomized controlled study. Using the random number table, the patients were divided into surgical debridement group (19 patients, 4 males and 15 females, aged (58±16) years, 25 wounds) and laser debridement group (18 patients, 9 males and 9 females, aged (58±10) years, 23 wounds). In patients of surgical debridement group, oedematous and aging granulation tissue was scraped from the wound by scalpel handle or curet, and the residual necrotic tissue was removed by sharp surgical instruments. In patients of laser debridement group, oedematous and aging granulation tissue and necrotic tissue was removed by super pulsed carbon dioxide fractional laser therapeutic machine, laser gasification debridement was performed repeatedly till fresh normal tissue layer observed. In patients of the two groups, according to the wound in the first 3 d after the first debridement, debridement dressing was performed twice at least as before, then wound debridement dressing was performed once every 1 to 4 days as before according to the wound conditions. The wound healing rates on 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after the first debridement were calculated. The positive rates of bacterial culture of wounds before and after the first debridement were calculated. The color and texture of the wound granulation tissue before the first debridement and on 7, 14, and 28 d after the first debridement were observed and scored. The pain scores before every debridement, during every debridement, and after every debridement dressing change were evaluated by visual analogue scale. The times of debridement dressing change were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with two independent sample t test, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, Fisher's exact probability test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) On 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after the first debridement, the wound healing rates of patients in laser debridement group (29.5% (24.1%, 36.0%), 47.1% (42.7%, 62.4%), 71.4% (62.2%, 76.8%), and 88.6% (79.2%, 96.3%) were significantly higher than those of surgical debridement group (1.6% (1.0%, 12.8%), 12.7% (2.0%, 16.6%), 24.5% (8.9%, 45.5%), 43.9% (23.2%, 70.8%), Z=3.477, 3.553, 2.721, 2.193, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) Before the first debridement, the positive rates of bacterial culture of wounds in patients of laser debridement group and surgical debridement group were 92% (23/25) and 91% (21/23), respectively, which were similar (P>0.05). After the first debridement, the positive rate of bacterial culture of wounds of patients in surgical debridement group was 64% (16/25), which was significantly higher than 13% (3/23) of laser debridement group (P<0.01). (3) On 7, 14, and 28 d after the first debridement, the scores of color and texture of wound granulation tissue of patients in laser debridement group were significantly higher than those of surgical debridement group (Z=3.420, 5.682, 6.142, 4.461, 5.337, 4.458, P<0.01). (4) The pain scores during every debridement and after every debridement dressing change in patients of laser debridement group were significantly lower than those of surgical debridement group (t=2.847, 5.046, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The time of debridement dressing change in laser debridement group was 8.0 (7.0, 10.0) times, which was significantly less than 10.0 (9.5, 12.5) times in surgical debridement group (Z=2.261, P<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with traditional surgical debridement method, super pulsed carbon dioxide fractional laser debridement surgery is more effective in treating patients with chronic wounds. Laser debridement makes the wound healing more efficiently with reduced pain and better infection control; significantly reduces the number of dressing changes, and is especially suitable for the wound treatment in outpatients.
目的： 探讨超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光清创术在慢性创面治疗中的临床效果。 方法： 2018年12月—2019年5月，西南医科大学附属医院收治37例符合入选标准的慢性创面患者，对其进行前瞻性随机对照研究。将患者按随机数字表法分为外科清创组19例[男4例、女15例，年龄(58±16)岁，25个创面]和激光清创组18例[男9例、女9例，年龄(58±10)岁，23个创面]。外科清创组以手术刀柄或刮匙刮除患者创面水肿老化的肉芽组织，再以锐性手术器械清除残存的坏死组织；激光清创组采用超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光治疗机清除患者创面水肿老化肉芽组织和坏死组织，反复激光气化清创直至出现新鲜正常组织。2组患者根据情况首次清创后前3 d至少同前行2次清创换药，其后根据创面情况每1～4天同前清创换药1次。计算首次清创后7、14、21、28 d创面愈合率，首次清创前后创面细菌培养阳性率，观察首次清创前及首次清创后7、14、28 d创面肉芽组织色泽和质地并评分，采用视觉模拟评分法对创面每次清创前、清创中和清创换药后的疼痛进行评分，统计清创换药次数。对数据行两独立样本t检验、重复测量方差分析、Fisher确切概率法检验、Mann-Whitney U检验及Bonferroni校正。 结果： (1)首次清创后7、14、21、28 d，激光清创组患者创面愈合率[29.5%(24.1%，36.0%)、47.1%(42.7%，62.4%)、71.4%(62.2%，76.8%)、88.6%(79.2%，96.3%)]均明显高于外科清创组[1.6%(1.0%，12.8%)、12.7%(2.0%，16.6%)、24.5%(8.9%，45.5%)、43.9%(23.2%，70.8%)，Z＝3.477、3.553、2.721、2.193，P<0.05或P<0.01]。(2)首次清创前，外科清创组、激光清创组患者创面细菌培养阳性率分别为92%(23/25)、91%(21/23)，二者相近(P>0.05)；首次清创后，外科清创组患者创面细菌培养阳性率为64%(16/25)，明显高于激光清创组的13%(3/23)，P<0.01。(3)首次清创后7、14、28 d，激光清创组患者创面肉芽组织的色泽和质地评分均明显高于外科清创组(Z＝3.420、5.682、6.142，4.461、5.337、4.458，P<0.01)。(4)每次清创中及清创换药后激光清创组患者疼痛评分均明显低于外科清创组(t＝2.847、5.046，P<0.05或P<0.01)。(5)激光清创组患者清创换药次数为8.0(7.0，10.0)次，明显少于外科清创组的10.0(9.5，12.5)次(Z＝2.261，P<0.05)。 结论： 采用超脉冲二氧化碳点阵激光清创治疗慢性创面较传统外科清创手段疗效更佳，创面愈合更高效、疼痛更轻、感染控制效果更佳，且能明显减少换药次数，尤其适用于创面门诊治疗。.
Keywords: Debridement; Laser therapy; Wound healing.