Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Low-Dose Radioiodine Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Arwa Alsaud; Shehab Mohamed; Mohamed A Yassin; Amr Ashour; Khaldun Obeidat; Bahjat Azrieh

doi:10.1159/000505686

Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Low-Dose Radioiodine Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Case Rep Oncol. 2020 Mar 5;13(1):207-211. doi: 10.1159/000505686. eCollection 2020 Jan-Apr.

Authors

Arwa Alsaud¹, Shehab Mohamed¹, Mohamed A Yassin¹, Amr Ashour¹, Khaldun Obeidat¹, Bahjat Azrieh¹

Affiliation

¹ Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Abstract

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common primary thyroid cancer. Most frequently treated with surgical resection, some cases require radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Studies have suggested that there is an increase in second primary malignancy after RAI therapy amongst thyroid cancer survivors including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as an infrequent cancer related to RAI therapy; it has a higher relative risk ratio in patients on higher doses of radiation exposure. We would like to report a 30-year-old lady who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma. She underwent total thyroidectomy and received a low-dose RAI ¹³¹I therapy at a dose of 150 mCi, after which she developed therapy-related AML. Here we would like to highlight the association of AML with low-dose RAI as an infrequent cause of a second primary tumor compared to high doses.

Keywords: Leukemia; Radioiodine; Thyroid cancer.

Publication types

Case Reports