Prostate cancer is the most common tumor of the urinary system, and its mortality rate is second only to lung cancer. With the specific and high expression on the surface of prostate cancer cells, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been an ideal theranostic target of prostate cancer with great clinical significance and research value. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), a new modality of molecular imaging combining functional metabolic information and anatomical structure, provides high diagnostic performance for cancer detection. This paper mainly reviewed recent progress of PSMA inhibitors labeled by positron-emitting radionuclides for early diagnosis, preoperative staging, response assessment, restaging and metastasis detection of prostate cancer.
前列腺癌是男性泌尿生殖系统中最为常见的肿瘤，其病死率仅次于肺癌。前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）特异且高表达于前列腺癌细胞表面，因而成为前列腺癌诊断和治疗中较为理想的作用靶标，极具临床研究价值。正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（PET/CT）是一种将功能代谢信息和解剖结构信息相结合的新型分子影像设备，对肿瘤诊断效能卓越。本文重点综述了国内外正电子放射性核素标记的靶向PSMA的小分子抑制剂在前列腺癌PET/CT的早期诊断、术前分期、疗效评估、复发和转移探测的研究进展，并对其发展前景进行展望。.
Keywords: positron emission tomography/computed tomography; prostate cancer; prostate-specific membrane antigen; radiopharmaceuticals.