Background: Insufficient sleep is associated with arterial stiffness and elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Central hemodynamics are influenced by arterial stiffness, yet independently predict cardiovascular risk. Relationships between sleep characteristics and central hemodynamic parameters are largely unexplored. We aimed to characterize the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and central hemodynamics in healthy individuals. To explore the secondary hypothesis that impairments in glucose metabolism may underlie relationships between sleep and central hemodynamic variables, we also explored associations between self-reported sleep quality and fasting blood glucose values.
Methods: Thirty-one healthy study subjects (20 to 69 years, 17 men) were free from metabolic or cardiovascular disease and did not take sleep medication. Self-reported sleep quality was obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with normal sleepers defined by PSQI scores 0-5 and poor sleepers by PSQI score > 5. Relationships were assessed between PSQI, central hemodynamic profiles (systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse and augmentation pressures, augmentation index) estimated from oscillometric pulse wave analysis, and blood glucose values.
Results: Central pulse pressure was significantly elevated in poor (PSQI score > 5) compared with that in normal (PSQI scores 0-5) sleepers (P < 0.05). Linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and body mass index, demonstrated PSQI score to be an independent predictor (P < 0.05) of both central pulse (β = 0.469) and augmentation (β = 0.364) pressures. Global PSQI scores were not related to fasting blood glucose values (r = 0.045; P > 0.05).
Conclusions: Significant relationships between central pulse and augmentation pressures and self-reported sleep quality highlight the importance of considering sleep when examining lifestyle contributors to central hemodynamics.
Keywords: Arterial stiffness; Augmentation pressure; Central hemodynamics; Pulse pressure; Sleep.