Global Health Learning Outcomes in Pharmacy Students Completing International Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences

Am J Pharm Educ. 2020 Mar;84(3):7586. doi: 10.5688/ajpe7586.

Abstract

Objective. To examine the global health learning outcomes of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students from three US schools who participated in international advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Methods. A mixed-methods, prospective study was used to assess fourth-year PharmD students at three US pharmacy schools who participated in an international APPE during the 2017-2018 academic year and a matched cohort (control group) of PharmD students who did not participate in an international APPE. To evaluate students' self-perceived growth in the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) competencies, all students completed a 13-item retrospective pre-post instrument using a five-point Likert scale. The students who had completed an international APPE were invited to participate in a focus group (N=22). Paired and independent t tests and multiple linear regression were used to analyze data. Qualitative open-ended questions and focus group data were mapped to knowledge, skills, and attitudes themes. Results. The students who completed an international APPE (N=81) showed significantly more growth in CUGH competencies than students who did not (mean improvement in total score of 10.3 [7.0] vs 2.4 [6.0]). International APPE participation was the only significant predictor of growth in CUGH competencies. The international APPE students reported improvements in cultural awareness and appreciation, communication skills, problem-solving skills, adaptability, self-awareness, personal and professional outlook, and global health perspective. Conclusion. Pharmacy students' participation in international APPEs led to significant improvement in all CUGH competencies. The CUGH competency framework appears to be a suitable instrument to assess pharmacy students' global health learning outcomes.

Keywords: assessment; experiential education; global health; global health education; learning outcomes.

MeSH terms

  • Cohort Studies
  • Curriculum
  • Education, Pharmacy / methods*
  • Education, Pharmacy / trends
  • Educational Measurement / methods
  • Global Health / education*
  • Humans
  • Internationality
  • Learning
  • Professional Competence
  • Program Evaluation
  • Prospective Studies
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Students, Pharmacy