The TIPE Molecular Pilot That Directs Lymphocyte Migration in Health and Inflammation

Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 20;10(1):6617. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63629-w.

Abstract

Lymphocytes are some of the most motile cells of vertebrates, constantly navigating through various organ systems. Their specific positioning in the body is delicately controlled by site-specific directional cues such as chemokines. While it has long been suspected that an intrinsic molecular pilot, akin to a ship's pilot, guides lymphocyte navigation, the nature of this pilot is unknown. Here we show that the TIPE (TNF-α-induced protein 8-like) family of proteins pilot lymphocytes by steering them toward chemokines. TIPE proteins are carriers of lipid second messengers. They mediate chemokine-induced local generation of phosphoinositide second messengers, but inhibit global activation of the small GTPase Rac. TIPE-deficient T lymphocytes are completely pilot-less: they are unable to migrate toward chemokines despite their normal ability to move randomly. As a consequence, TIPE-deficient mice have a marked defect in positioning their T lymphocytes to various tissues, both at the steady-state and during inflammation. Thus, TIPE proteins pilot lymphocytes during migration and may be targeted for the treatment of lymphocyte-related disorders.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / deficiency
  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / metabolism
  • Cell Movement*
  • Chemokines / pharmacology
  • Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / metabolism
  • Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / pathology
  • Guanosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Health*
  • Inflammation / pathology*
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / deficiency
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism*
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Models, Biological
  • Nervous System / pathology
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / metabolism
  • Second Messenger Systems
  • T-Lymphocytes / pathology*
  • rac GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
  • Chemokines
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
  • TIPE2 protein, mouse
  • TNFAIP8 protein, mouse
  • phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate
  • Guanosine Triphosphate
  • rac GTP-Binding Proteins