Characterization, bioavailability and protective effects of phenolic-rich extracts from almond hulls against pro-oxidant induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells

Jun An; Juer Liu; Yuying Liang; Yiwei Ma; Chi Chen; Yanling Cheng; Peng Peng; Nan Zhou; Renchuan Zhang; Min Addy; Paul Chen; Yuhuan Liu; Guangwei Huang; Difeng Ren; Roger Ruan

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126742

Characterization, bioavailability and protective effects of phenolic-rich extracts from almond hulls against pro-oxidant induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells

Food Chem. 2020 Aug 30:322:126742. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126742. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Authors

Jun An¹, Juer Liu², Yuying Liang³, Yiwei Ma⁴, Chi Chen⁴, Yanling Cheng⁵, Peng Peng⁵, Nan Zhou⁵, Renchuan Zhang⁵, Min Addy⁵, Paul Chen⁵, Yuhuan Liu⁶, Guangwei Huang⁷, Difeng Ren⁸, Roger Ruan⁹

Affiliations

¹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
² Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, MN, USA.
³ Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55108, USA.
⁴ Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, MN, USA.
⁵ Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330047, China.
⁷ Almond Board of California, 1150 9th Street, Suite 1500, Modesto, CA 95354, USA.
⁸ Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: rendifeng@bjfu.edu.cn.
⁹ Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, MN, USA. Electronic address: ruanx001@umn.edu.

PMID: 32305872
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126742

Abstract

Almond hulls, the main by-product of almond production, are considered a valuable source of bioactive phenolic compounds. This study aimed to characterize the phenolic composition, bioavailability of the phenolic-rich extracts from almond hulls (PEAH), and their protective effect on oxidative stressed Caco-2 cells induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH). The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis detected 11 phenolic compounds in the PEAH with high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Oxidative Caco-2 cell damage was reduced by PEAH, especially at 5 μg/mL, through scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulating the cellular endogenous antioxidant system and cell redox at a predictable status. Also, in vitro digestion influenced the phenolic compounds' composition and antioxidant power of PEAH. These results suggested that almond hulls, rich in phenolic compounds, can meliorate the oxidative stressed Caco-2 cells and restore its impaired redox balance, and ultimately improve health benefits.

Keywords: Almond hulls; Antioxidant activity; Bioavailability; Characterization; Phenolic-rich extracts.

MeSH terms

Antioxidants / chemistry
Biological Availability
Caco-2 Cells
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Discriminant Analysis
Half-Life
Humans
Least-Squares Analysis
Mass Spectrometry
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
Phenols / chemistry*
Phenols / pharmacology
Plant Extracts / chemistry*
Protective Agents / chemistry
Protective Agents / pharmacokinetics
Protective Agents / pharmacology*
Prunus dulcis / chemistry*
Prunus dulcis / metabolism
Reactive Oxygen Species / chemistry
tert-Butylhydroperoxide / toxicity

Substances

Antioxidants
Phenols
Plant Extracts
Protective Agents
Reactive Oxygen Species
tert-Butylhydroperoxide