Objective: In this study, the authors compared the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SRT) and resective surgery (RS) for patients with hypothalamic hamartoma (HH).
Methods: The authors included all patients with HHs who were treated by SRT or hamartoma resection. Seizure outcomes were assessed by blinded observers according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification. Favorable seizure outcomes were defined as ILAE classes 1 and 2, and unfavorable seizure outcomes were defined as ILAE classes 3-6.
Results: Twenty-nine patients who underwent SRT or RS met the inclusion criteria; 3 were excluded because they had completed less than 12 months of follow-up. Most of the patients (20 of 26; 76.9%) had small HHs (i.e., maximum HH diameter less than 20 mm). The patients' follow-up time ranged from 12 to 66 months (median 60 months). At the last follow-up, favorable outcomes were observed in 9 patients (69.2%) who had undergone SRT and 10 patients (76.9%) who had undergone HH resection. No significant difference was found in seizure outcomes between SRT and RS recipients. Patients with giant HHs were more likely than patients with smaller tumors to undergo multiple resections (p = 0.043, univariate logistic regression; significant). However, no significant difference was found between SRT and RS recipients in terms of the number of procedures per patient. SRT recipients had fewer and less-severe adverse events than RS recipients.
Conclusions: For patients with small HHs, SRT provides similar seizure outcomes to RS with a less invasive procedure. Patients who underwent SRT experienced fewer and lighter adverse effects than patients who had RS. Patients with giant HHs were more likely to undergo multiple HH resections.
Keywords: epilepsy; gelastic seizure; hypothalamic hamartoma; outcomes; stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation; surgery.