Aims: To investigate a theoretical model of risk and protective factors to predict resilience among adolescent disaster survivors.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: Parent's consent and student's informed consent forms were distributed at seven schools in a postdisaster setting (Yogyakarta, Indonesia) between July-October 2017; those who agreed to participate had to complete the self-reported questionnaires. Demographic data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses and relationships among study variables were determined using a path analysis.
Results: Results of the model test analysis indicated that six of the seven the hypothesized paths were supported by data from our samples and demonstrated significance on the path coefficients (p < .01). One path coefficient on the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and resilience was found to be insignificant (β = -0.002, p > .05). However, overall, our hypothesized model was retained, indicating empirical support and adequate model's fit indices for the theoretical model.
Conclusions: Overall, the findings demonstrated the predictive roles of risk and protective factors in adolescent disaster survivors' resilience.
Impact: Resilience is known to be an important concept in recovering from long-term impacts following a disaster in adolescent populations, but its risk and protective factors have not been adequately explored. We found that PTSD symptoms influenced how adolescent disaster survivors developed defensive coping, social support had an indirect effect on resilience through courageous coping and defensive coping acted as a mediator between PTSD symptoms and courageous coping. These findings can help mental health professionals (i.e., community mental health nurses) promote intervention strategies to enhance resilience through improving coping skills in adolescent populations exposed to a disaster.
目的: 研究用于预测青少年灾难幸存者复原力的风险与保护因素理论模型。 设计: 横向研究。 方法: 在2017年7月至10月间发生灾难后的(印度尼西亚日惹市)的七所学校分发家长同意书和学生知情同意书;同意参与的学生须填写自我报告式问卷。使用描述性统计分析对人口统计学数据进行评估,并采用通径分析确定研究变量之间的关系。 结果: 模型检验分析结果表明,7条假设路径中有6条得到了样本数据的支持,且路径系数(p<0.01)具有重要意义。对于创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状与复原力之间的联系,我们发现有一个通径系数并不重要(β = −0.002,p > .05)。然而,总体而言,我们的假设模型被保留了下来,表明理论模型具备实证支持和足够的模型拟合指数。 结论: 总的来说,研究结果表明风险和保护因素对青少年灾难幸存者复原力具有预测作用。 影响: 复原力被认为是青少年群体从灾后长期影响中得以恢复的一大重要概念,但尚未就其风险和保护因素展开充分探讨。我们发现,创伤后应激障碍症状影响了青少年灾难幸存者发展防御性应对的方式,且社会支持通过勇敢应对对复原力产生间接影响,而防御性应对在创伤后应激障碍症状与勇敢应对之间发挥中介作用。此类研究结果可帮助心理健康专业人士(即社区心理健康护士)实施干预战略,通过提高受灾害影响的青少年的应对技能来增强复原力。.
Keywords: adolescent; coping; disaster survivor; nursing; posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms; resilience; social support.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.