With the increasing use of immunotherapy, there has been an associated increased survival in many cancers but has also resulted in unregulated organ-specific toxicities. In this chapter, we discuss the renal toxicities associated with a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) from the typical acute tubulointersitial nephritis to glomerulonephritis, their proposed mechanisms, and treatments. We also discuss the use of CPI and reactivation of preexisting auto-immune diseases and focus on renal cell cancer in setting of Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Transplant rejection in the setting of CPI use is yet to be further studied, and available data is presented in this chapter.
Keywords: Acute interstitial nephritis; Autoimmune disease induction; Immune-related adverse events; Organ transplant rejection; Renal cell cancer.