Effects of Bergen 4-Day Treatment on Resting-State Graph Features in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Anders L Thorsen; Chris Vriend; Stella J de Wit; Olga T Ousdal; Kristen Hagen; Bjarne Hansen; Gerd Kvale; Odile A van den Heuvel

doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.007

Effects of Bergen 4-Day Treatment on Resting-State Graph Features in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2021 Oct;6(10):973-982. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.007. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Authors

Anders L Thorsen¹, Chris Vriend², Stella J de Wit³, Olga T Ousdal⁴, Kristen Hagen⁵, Bjarne Hansen⁶, Gerd Kvale⁶, Odile A van den Heuvel⁷

Affiliations

¹ Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: anders.l.thorsen@gmail.com.
² Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
³ Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴ Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
⁵ Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Psychiatric Department, Hospital of Molde, Molde, Norway.
⁶ Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
⁷ Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

PMID: 32299791
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.007

Abstract

Background: Exposure and response prevention is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but it is unclear how symptom reduction is related to changes in the brain. We aimed to determine the effects of a 4-day concentrated exposure and response prevention program (Bergen 4-day treatment) on the static and dynamic functional connectome in patients with OCD.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with OCD (25 unmedicated) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging the day before the Bergen 4-day treatment, and 28 (21 unmedicated) were rescanned after 1 week. Twenty-eight healthy control subjects were also scanned for baseline comparisons and 19 of them were rescanned after 1 week. Static and dynamic graph measures were quantified to determine network topology at the global, subnetwork, and regional levels (including efficiency, clustering, between-subnetwork connectivity, and node flexibility in module allegiance). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to measure symptom severity.

Results: Twenty-four patients (86%) responded to treatment. We found significant group × time effects in frontoparietal-limbic connectivity (η_p² = 0.19, p = .03) and flexibility of the right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (η_p² = 0.18, p = .03), where, in both cases, unmedicated patients showed significant decreases while healthy control subjects showed no significant changes. Healthy control subjects showed increases in global and subnetwork efficiency and clustering coefficient, particularly in the somatomotor subnetwork.

Conclusions: Concentrated exposure and response prevention in unmedicated patients with OCD leads to decreased connectivity between the frontoparietal and limbic subnetworks and less flexibility of the connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, suggesting a more independent and stable network topology. This may represent less limbic interference on cognitive control subnetworks after treatment.

Keywords: B4DT; Exposure and response prevention; Functional connectivity; Graph theory; Limbic; OCD.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Brain / diagnostic imaging
Connectome*
Gyrus Cinguli / diagnostic imaging
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* / diagnostic imaging
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* / drug therapy