Purpose: Current therapies of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) include thermal eyelid warming. It was the aim of the study to investigate the temperature run after eyelid warming using 3 different techniques (hot compresses, Blephasteam® (Thea Pharma GmbH, France), and having a sauna) in patients with MGD compared with normal subjects by infrared thermography.
Methods: A prospective case-control study was done. Temperature profiles of the eyelids were investigated in 93 subjects (49 normals, 44 MGD patients) after warming of the eyelids by 3 methods: hot compresses, Blephasteam®, and having a sauna. Temperature runs of the eyelids were measured with an infrared thermal imaging camera (VarioCAM® HD research 675/30 mm, InfraTec GmbH) at baseline and after eyelid warming for 10 min. Statistical analysis were done by Wilcoxon test or t tests for unpaired samples.
Results: The initial eyelid temperature was significantly increased after the use of Blephasteam® compared with hot compresses in MGD and normal patients (p < 0.001). Having a sauna showed a similar warming effect of the eyelids than Blephasteam® in normals and MGD patients (p > 0.05). Additionally, the warming effect of the eyelids after having a sauna was significantly longer than after the use of Blephasteam® in MGD (p = 0.016) and normal patients (p = 0.01).
Conclusion: Eyelid temperature after having a sauna was similar to commonly used warming devices; yet, the duration of the eyelid warming effect was longer. Thus, having a sauna might be an alternative option for warming of the eyelids.
Keywords: Blephasteam; Eyelid; Meibomian gland dysfunction; Sauna; Thermography.