Hepatoprotective activity of depsidone enriched Cladonia rangiferina extract against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity targeting cytochrome P450 2E1 induced oxidative damage

Ila Shukla; Lubna Azmi; Ch V Rao; Talha Jawaid; Mehnaz Kamal; Amani S Awaad; Saleh I Alqasoumi; Osama A Alkhamees; Saud M Alsanad

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.003

Hepatoprotective activity of depsidone enriched Cladonia rangiferina extract against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity targeting cytochrome P450 2E1 induced oxidative damage

Saudi Pharm J. 2020 Apr;28(4):519-527. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.03.003. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Authors

Ila Shukla¹, Lubna Azmi², Ch V Rao¹, Talha Jawaid³, Mehnaz Kamal⁴, Amani S Awaad⁵, Saleh I Alqasoumi⁶, Osama A Alkhamees³, Saud M Alsanad³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
² Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India.
³ Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box No. 173, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Gateway to United Kingdom Education Ltd., Bradford, United Kingdom.
⁶ Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a broad-spectrum disorder, covering fatty liver, cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and in extreme untreated condition hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may also develop. Cladonia rangiferina (CR) is a class of lichen having a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity. It is used like traditional natural sources in ancient times in India, China, Sri Lanka, etc. Folkloric record about CR has reported their use as an antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, etc. Hence, the present study was requested to ascertain the effect of the ethanolic extract of Cladonia rangiferina (CRE) on alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. The animals were evaluated for the estimation of the liver in vivo biochemical antioxidant parameters. The liver tissues were further evaluated histopathologically and western blotting examination for localization of apoptotic gene expression that plays a pivotal role in hepatotoxicity. The results of this study reveal that CRE proves to be helpful in the treatment of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Results of different markers have shown that among all, CRE has demonstrated the best hepatoprotective activity. These observations say about the importance of the components of the extract. The ameliorative action of CRE in alcoholic liver damage may exist due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.

Keywords: ALD, Alcoholic liver disease; Apoptosis; CMC, Carboxymethylcellulose; CR, Cladonia rangiferina; CRE, Cladonia rangiferina extract; CTRL, Control; Cladonia rangiferina; DAB, 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride; GGT, γ- glutamyl transferase; GSH, Glutathione; Hepatotoxicity; Inflammation; MDA, Malondialdehyde; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction; WHO, World Health organization.