"Freezing", morphing, and folding of stretchy tough hydrogels

J Mater Chem B. 2017 Aug 7;5(29):5726-5732. doi: 10.1039/c7tb01265a. Epub 2017 Jul 12.

Abstract

Highly stretchable and tough Ca-alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogels were "frozen" and folded into program-controlled shapes by exposing them to an Fe3+ ion aqueous solution. The elastic modulus of the as-made tough gels increased either in bulk or locally up to 2.90 MPa, while the toughness remained within the range from 8.18 to 4.41 kJ m-2.