In recent decades, drug self-delivery systems (DSDSs) have appeared with extraordinary superiority for cancer therapy while realizing intracellular delivery without supererogatory drug carriers. Here, we have designed and programmed a novel self-delivery system to realize tumor targeting therapy. The amphiphilic proapoptotic peptide KLAKLAKKLAKLAKGCK(Fmoc)2 (KLA) was used to form a self-assembled structure (KD) by encapsulating the hydrophobic anticarcinogen doxorubicin (DOX). Then, tumor recognizing hyaluronic acid (HA) was coated on the surface of KD to obtain a tumor targeting self-delivery system (KDH). The protective layer of HA could protect the therapeutic agents from being inactivated during blood circulation, and further specifically recognize tumor cells by the CD44 receptor after KDH had located the tumor regions. Additionally, hyaluronidase (HAase) overexpressed in the endosome of tumor cells could degrade the protective layer of HA and accelerate the liberation of KLA and DOX. The proapoptotic peptide KLA had the ability to locate mitochondria and induce mitochondrial dysfunction; meanwhile the anticarcinogen DOX diffused to the nuclei to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Both in vitro and in vivo studies identified that our self-delivery system KDH possessed precise tumor targeting, and exhibited fantastic antitumor efficacy as well as negligible side effects.