Case report: A 10-year-old male with T1DM and recent travel to North Carolina presented to an ED with 1 day of fever, vomiting, and headaches. He was discharged home with the presumptive diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis but returned nine hours later, agitated, and unable to speak. CSF showed pleocytosis. MRI brain was normal, and EEG showed intermittent seizures. He was started on antiepileptics. Antibiotics were discontinued after negative bacterial work-up. Repeat MRI brain one week later showed enhancement in the left cerebral cortex. IVIG was started due to concern for autoimmune encephalitis. Repeat lumbar puncture was positive for La Crosse virus IgM.
Discussion: This is the first case of La Crosse encephalitis (LACe) reported in Rhode Island.1 La Crosse virus (LACv) is a ssRNA Bunyavirus transmitted by the eastern tree-hole mosquito typically between July and September. LACv is endemic to the upper Midwestern US and Appalachia. In 2018, 81 of 86 total cases reported by the CDC were pediatric. Children are more likely to present with vomiting, seizures, and focal cortical inflammation or cerebral edema on brain imaging. IgM may be negative early in the disease course. Treatment is antiepileptics and supportive care.
Keywords: Arboviral encephalitis; La Crosse encephalitis; La Crosse virus; Meningoencephalitis.