Substituted sulfonamide bioisosteres of 8-hydroxyquinoline as zinc-dependent antibacterial compounds

Abstract

A series of substituted sulfonamide bioisosteres of 8-hydroxyquinoline were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against the common mastitis causative pathogens Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, both in the presence and absence of supplementary zinc. Compounds 9a-e, 10a-c, 11a-e, 12 and 13 were demonstrated to have MICs of 0.0625 µg/mL against S. uberis in the presence of 50 µM ZnSO₄. Against S. aureus compounds 9g (MIC 4 µg/mL) and 11d (MIC 8 µg/mL) showed the greatest activity, whereas all compounds were found to be inactive against E. coli (MIC > 256 µg/mL); again in the presence of 50 µM ZnSO₄. All compounds were demonstrated to be significantly less active in the absence of supplementary zinc. Compound 9g was subsequently confirmed to be bactericidal, with an MBC (≥3log₁₀ cfu/mL reduction) of 0.125 µg/mL against S. uberis in the presence of 50 µM ZnSO₄. To validate the sanitising activity of compound 9g in the presence of supplementary zinc, a quantitative suspension disinfection (sanitizer) test was performed. In this preliminary test, sanitizing activity (>5log₁₀ reduction of CFU/mL in 5 min) was observed against S. uberis for compound 9g at concentrations as low as 1 mg/mL, validating the potential of this compound to function as a topical sanitizer against the major environmental mastitis-causing microorganism S. uberis.

Keywords: 8-Hydroxyquinoline; Antibacterial; Bactericidal; Bioisostere; Ionophore; Mastitis; Sanitizer; Streptococcus uberis; Sulfonamide; Zincophore.