Application of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) seed biochar in hybrid treatment system for the bioremediation of Congo red dye

Mandavi Goswami; Preeti Chaturvedi; Ravi Kumar Sonwani; Arijit Dutta Gupta; Reeta Rani Singhania; Balendu Shekher Giri; Birendra Nath Rai; Harinder Singh; Sudeep Yadav; Ram Sharan Singh

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123203

Application of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) seed biochar in hybrid treatment system for the bioremediation of Congo red dye

Bioresour Technol. 2020 Jul:307:123203. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123203. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India.
² Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India.
⁵ Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow Sector 5, Vrindavan Yojna, Lucknow 226 025, UP, India.
⁶ Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India; Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁷ Department of Chemical Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology (BIET), Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284128, India.
⁸ Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India. Electronic address: rssingh.che@itbhu.ac.in.

PMID: 32222690
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123203

Abstract

In the present study, a hybrid treatment system (biological and ozonation) was developed and used in the decolorization of Congo red (CR) dye. The biological treatment was performed in packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) containing Arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna) seeds biochar immobilized with Providencia stuartii, whereas ozonation was carried out in an ozone reactor. The process variables such as temperature, process time, and inoculum size were optimized and found to be 30 °C, 2 48 h, and 3 × 10⁵ CFU/mL, respectively with 92.0 ± 5.0% of dye decolorization. Furthermore, biologically treated effluent was subject to ozone treatment for the decolorization of the remaining CR dye. The hybrid approach reveals almost complete decolorization of Congo red (CR) dye. The kinetic study of microbial growth was examined by Monod model. In addition, the cost analysis estimation for the removal of CR dye was done, and removal per liter was found to be economic.

Keywords: Bioremediation; Congo red; Ozonation; Providencia stuartii.

MeSH terms

Biodegradation, Environmental
Charcoal
Coloring Agents
Congo Red*
Seeds
Terminalia*

Substances

Coloring Agents
biochar
Charcoal
Congo Red