Objectives: To evaluate skeletal muscle mass in patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and concomitant lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) and determine the contribution of skeletal muscle mass to macrovascular diseases.
Methods: In total, 112 patients with T2DM were divided into the T2DM and T2DM + LEAD groups. Hepatic function, renal function, uric acid, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were measured. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure visceral fat area and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI).
Results: Waist-to-hip ratio, uric acid, and body fat percentage were significantly higher in the T2DM+LEAD group than in the T2DM group; SMI was significantly lower in the T2DM+LEAD group than in the T2DM group. There were no significant differences in albumin, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, or blood lipids. Uric acid, SMI, and body fat percentage were significantly positively correlated with T2DM and concomitant LEAD. Logistic regression analyses suggested that SMI is an independent risk factor for LEAD in T2DM (odds ratio = 1.517; 95% confidence interval: 1.082–2.126).
Conclusions: Skeletal muscle mass is lower in patients with T2DM and concomitant LEAD than in patients with T2DM who do not exhibit LEAD. SMI is an important risk factor for LEAD.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; body fat percentage; lower extremity arterial disease; macrovascular disease; skeletal muscle mass; uric acid; waist-to-hip ratio.