Localization of GPSM2 in the Nucleus of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells Indicates a Poor Prognosis

Mingming Deng; Zhe Zhang; Bofang Liu; Kezuo Hou; Xiaofang Che; Xiujuan Qu; Yunpeng Liu; Xuejun Hu; Ye Zhang; Qingjie Lv

doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00227

Localization of GPSM2 in the Nucleus of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells Indicates a Poor Prognosis

Front Oncol. 2020 Mar 3:10:227. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00227. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Mingming Deng^{1

2

3}, Zhe Zhang⁴, Bofang Liu^{5

6}, Kezuo Hou⁵, Xiaofang Che⁵, Xiujuan Qu⁵, Yunpeng Liu⁵, Xuejun Hu¹, Ye Zhang⁷, Qingjie Lv⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
² Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
³ Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
⁴ Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
⁵ Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
⁶ Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁷ The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Abstract

Purpose: GPSM2 (G protein signaling modulator 2) was reported to be involved in the cell division of breast cancer cells. Additionally, cytoplasmic dynein may mediate the transport process of GPSM2. DYNC1I1 (Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 1) is the most common cargo-binding subunit of dynein. However, the relationship between GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 and its clinical value is unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for assessment of GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 expression. Immunoprecipitation analysis was used to assess the interaction between GPSM2 and DYNC1I1. Results: GPSM2 was correlated with clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients and is an unfavorable independent prognostic factor. In addition, nuclear expression of GPSM2 is an unfavorable independent prognostic factor (HR = 2.658, 95% CI = 1.490-4.741, p = 0.001). GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 are known to form a complex in breast cancer cells. Patients who were positive for expression of both DYNC1I1 and GPSM2 presented with shorter recurrence-free survival than other patients. Importantly, patients with GPSM2 nuclear expression showed higher DYNC1I1 expression. Conclusion: GPSM2 was an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer and nuclear expression of GPSM2 was significantly associated with poor prognosis, which was related to the positive expression of DYNC1I1. Examination of both GPSM2 and DYNC1I1 is necessary to establish a prognosis in breast cancer patients.

Keywords: DYNC1I1; GPSM2; breast cancer; prognosis; subcellular localization.