Micromechanisms of Cortical Bone Failure Under Different Loading Conditions

N K Sharma; Swati Sharma; Apoorv Rathi; Abhinav Kumar; Karan Vir Saini; M D Sarker; Saman Naghieh; Liqun Ning; Xiongbiao Chen

doi:10.1115/1.4046688

Micromechanisms of Cortical Bone Failure Under Different Loading Conditions

J Biomech Eng. 2020 Sep 1;142(9):094501. doi: 10.1115/1.4046688.

Authors

N K Sharma¹, Swati Sharma², Apoorv Rathi³, Abhinav Kumar⁴, Karan Vir Saini⁵, M D Sarker⁶, Saman Naghieh⁶, Liqun Ning⁷, Xiongbiao Chen⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
² Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583.
³ Chair of Applied Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria 91058 Germany.
⁴ Division of Agricultural Engineering, IARI-ICAR, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India.
⁵ Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3420 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6206.
⁶ Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
⁷ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
⁸ Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.

PMID: 32191275
DOI: 10.1115/1.4046688

Abstract

Bone being a hierarchical composite material has a structure varying from macro- to nanoscale. The arrangement of the components of bone material and the bonding between fibers and matrix gives rise to its unique material properties. In this study, the micromechanisms of cortical bone failure were examined under different loading conditions using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental tests were conducted in longitudinal and transverse directions of bone diaphysis under tensile as well as compressive loading. The results show that bone material has maximum stiffness under longitudinal tensile loading, while the strength is higher under transverse compressive loading. A reverse trend of compressive mechanical properties of bone is observed for longitudinal and transverse loading as compared to trends reported in the previous studies. Therefore, micromechanisms of cortical bone failure were analyzed for different loading conditions to reveal such type of behavior of cortical bone and to correlate bone microstructure with mechanical response of bone.

Keywords: SEM; bone; compressive loading; micromechanism; tensile loading.

MeSH terms

Compressive Strength
Cortical Bone*
Elastic Modulus
Stress, Mechanical
Tensile Strength
Weight-Bearing