1 1Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Syogoin Kawaramachi 54, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan.
2 2Preventive Services, School of Public Health in the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
3 3School of Nursing, Sapporo City University, Sapporo, Japan.
4 4Emergency and Intensive Care Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
5 5Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
6 6Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
7 7The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Department of Emergency Med-Cardiopulmonary, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, New York, USA.
8 8Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.