Background and objective: Although obesity is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), no study has evaluated the association of PUD with sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of sarcopenia and obesity with PUD. Material and Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV and V for 2007-2012 were used. PUD history, dietary, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity patterns, and other socioeconomic factors were analyzed. Sarcopenia index (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg) ÷ body mass index (kg/m2)) and body fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of sarcopenia with the prevalence of PUD. Results: The 7092 patients were divided into the sarcopenic obesity (SO, n = 870), sarcopenic non-obesity (n = 2676), non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO, n = 2698), and non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NSNO, n = 848) groups. The prevalence of PUD in these groups was 70 (7.9%), 170 (7.4%), 169 (6.3%), and 47 (3.8%), respectively (p < 0.001). A crude analysis revealed that the prevalence of PUD was 2.2-fold higher in the SO group than in the NSNO group (odds ratio (OR), 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.2), the significance of which remained after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance) score (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.7). Conclusion: In conclusion, in this nationally representative cohort, the combination of muscle and fat mass, as well as obesity, was associated with an increased risk of PUD.
Keywords: duodenal ulcer; gastric ulcer; obesity; sarcopenia.